本文将指导如何升级 Ubuntu 20.04 Focal 到 Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy。
前言
Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish 已正式发布,如果您使用 Ubuntu 20.04,那么可以参考本站教程升级。
准备工作
除非你是物理服务器,以及没有用过奇奇怪怪定制或修改的内核的 KVM 构架的 VPS 和云主机,否则升级大版本更新内核是有一定机率导致 Grub 加载失败的,切记备份重要数据!
OpenVZ 6 和 LXC 构架的 VPS 是无法升级的,因为他们没有自己独立的内核,再强调一遍,一定要备份重要数据!
以下操作需要在 root 用户下完成,请使用 sudo -i 或 su root 切换到 root 用户进行操作
更新系统
首先需要更新你当前的系统
apt update apt upgrade -y apt dist-upgrade -y apt autoclean apt autoremove -y
如果内核更新了,建议重启让最新的内核生效。
升级系统
我们有两种方法升级到最新的系统,第一种是和 Debian 类似,手工修改 apt 源文件:
首先更新 apt 源,替换 focal 为 jammy:
sed -i 's/focal/jammy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list sed -i 's/focal/jammy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list
默认的系统 apt 源文件 /etc/apt/sources.list 应该是类似这样的:
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu jammy partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu jammy partner deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse # deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
国内服务器可以替换 archive.ubuntu.com 为 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
然后我们再次执行更新系统:
apt update apt upgrade -y apt dist-upgrade -y
更新过程种会提示一些软件是否需要自动重启,选 Yes 即可,以及一些软件的配置文件是否需要更新,按照自己的情况选择即可,默认回车即视为使用旧的配置文件,一般会出现在 OpenSSH 等软件的更新上。
更新后删除不必要的软件和依赖:
apt autoclean apt autoremove -y
然后我们使用 reboot 命令重启系统,耐心等待后,查看最新的系统版本:
root@ubuntu ~ # lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Release: 22.04 Codename: jammy
root@ubuntu ~ # uname -a Linux ubuntu 5.15.0-25 #4-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 1 07:36:38 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
这时我们就已经更新到了最新的 Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy 和内核了。第二种方法是使用 do-release-upgrade 命令,首先安装 update-manager-core 软件包:
apt install update-manager-core
然后运行 do-release-upgrade -d 即可更新,其他方法和上面一样,不再详细解释。如果添加过一些 PPA 源,如果他们还未发布最新版本的软件,可以临时先取消,比如:
add-apt-repository --remove ppa:ondrej/php